The drugs that people take when they are sick must be digested and absorbed into the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal tract, and also decomposed by the liver. But a considerable number of powders, granules, liquids and tablets are either bitter and pungent, volatile, or easily broken down by saliva in the mouth, and some are also inhaled into the trachea, causing side effects. Therefore, encapsulating the medicine can not only protect the mouth and digestive tract, but also be easy to swallow, and also allow the medicine to exert the best effect.
There are many kinds of medicinal capsules, which can be divided into traditional capsules (also known as gelatin capsules, animal capsules) and vegetable capsules in terms of production materials. The main component of the shell of traditional hollow capsules is gelatin. Gelatin is made of animal bones and skins. The water content of gelatin hollow capsules (15%-18%) is relatively high. It will become embrittled when dehydrated, softened by water absorption, and will undergo cross-linking and curing reactions when encountering aldehydes. Therefore, Gelatin hollow capsules should not be filled with contents or powders (such as substances containing aldehyde groups) that are easily hygroscopic, easily weathered and easily reacted with the capsule material, which limits the application field of the product, and its raw materials are made of animal bones and skins. It is made of high-protein and high-fat substances, which is not conducive to the healthy diet of patients, and also has certain hidden dangers of diseases (animal infectious diseases), and does not meet the needs of some vegetarians and ethnic religious people such as Muslims. With the frequent outbreaks of global animal epidemics in recent years, vegetable capsules have become the new darling of the pharmaceutical and food industries instead of gelatin capsules. American Pfizer has successfully extracted hydroxypropyl methylcellulose from natural plants and took the lead in developing plant capsules.
With the rapid increase in the consumption of plant capsules, different types of plant capsules have also been developed. According to where the drug is released in the body, capsules can be divided into stomach-soluble and enteric-coated. The stomach-soluble type is to release the drug encapsulated in the capsule in the stomach, and the enteric-coated type is to add special medicinal polymer materials or special treatment to the capsule shell to make it insoluble in the gastric juice, and only dissolve in the intestinal juice. The active pharmaceutical ingredient is released. Gastric-soluble vegetable hollow capsules prepared with hypromellose, propan polysaccharide and starch as the main raw materials have been successfully developed and some have been marketed. The development and preparation of new plant hollow capsules has become a hot research direction.
Compared with traditional gelatin hollow capsules, vegetable capsules have the advantages of wide adaptability, no risk of cross-linking reaction and high stability, relatively stable drug release rate, small individual differences, not absorbed after disintegration in the human body, and can be excreted with excreted from the body. In terms of storage conditions, after a large number of tests, it is almost not brittle under low humidity conditions, and the properties of the capsules are still stable under high humidity conditions, and the various indexes of vegetable capsules are not affected under extreme storage conditions. Gelatin capsules are easy to stick under high humidity conditions, harden or brittle under low humidity conditions, and are highly dependent on the temperature, humidity and packaging materials of the storage environment.
The preparation process of the new type of vegetable capsules: weighing ingredients - sol - dipping moulding - drying - demoulding - cutting - nesting - sorting - packaging - finished product.
Sol: add a certain amount of purified water to the sol kettle, heat it up to the specified temperature, add raw and auxiliary materials, stir evenly, make it dissolve completely, circulate, cool down, vacuumize and let stand for a period of time to remove the glue bubbles and make the glue meet the Glue supply standard.
Dip glue moulding, drying and demoulding: set the glue temperature, start glue mould moulding, send the capsules into the air duct, dry at a certain temperature, pull out the dried capsule shell from the mould, test Dimensions of the capsule shell.
Cutting: The dried capsule shell that will be pulled out from the mold is put into the cutting machine for cutting, and the length of the hollow capsule after cutting is checked whether the length meets the quality standard.
Fitting: Put the cut hollow capsules into the fitting machine for fitting, and check whether the hollow capsules after fitting meet the quality standards.
Sorting and packaging: Put the nested products into the sorting machine of corresponding specifications and models, and remove unqualified products by setting certain parameters. The qualified products are packaged as finished products after passing the inspection by the inspection personnel and stored in a cool and dry place.
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